Omega 3 fatty acid supplementation improves physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs

Abstract Background Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3, PUFA) show promise for improving muscle mass, strength and measures of physical performance that may ameliorate sarcopenia. Purpose To perform an updated meta-analysis n-3 interventions with detailed subgroup analysis on performance/strength sub-group duration, age, BMI, sex, location, amongst others. Methods We followed The Preferred Reporting Items Systematic reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) –checklist systematic meta-analysis. Literature was searched (ISI, Scopus PubMed databases up to October 2021) terms related (alpha linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic eicosapentaenoic fish oil etc.) (using the 30 s Chair Stand Test [30CST] endurance Timed Up Go [TUG] performance; both are useful simple tools can be used assess sarcopenia). Human randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included assessed methodological quality (Cochrane assessment tool). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) random-effect model analysis, I-squared (I2) statistic outcomes heterogeneity respectively. Subgroup sensitivity performed, Begg's Egger's tests evaluated publication bias. Statistical STATA 11 software a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results primary meta-analyses functional (TUG, 7 RCTs, 8 interventions, n=259) (30CST, 5 6 n=180), favoured PUFA (p<0.001). TUG (weighted change (WMD): −0.35 s; CI: −0.53, −0.18; I2=0.0%) (Figure 1A) 30CST (WMD: 2.23 repetitions; 1.34, 3.32; I2=67.6%) 1B). significant female sex 2.92 reps; 2.37, 3.46; I2=33.1%), BMI ≥25 kg/m2 −0.36 −0.58, −0.17; I2=16.9%), by duration ≥16 weeks 2.60 1.37, 3.83; (all p<0.001). There no effects mass handgrip strength, showed negligible influence. Publication bias minimal did not influence findings. Conclusions novel favourable specific in some populations but other tests. beneficial these due various mechanisms regulate (rather than quantity). Further studies needed elucidate dose, influential variables. Funding Acknowledgement Type funding sources: None.